How to design database that handle Order, OrderItem, Return, Refund, Exchange? -


most questions on internet focus on order, orderitem. there're few question designing database comprehensively handle aspects of online retail (order, orderitem, return, refund, exchange).

i know data model.

 product (productid, name, etc) order (orderid, date, totalcost, etc) orderitem (orderid, productid, quantity, unitprice, etc)

based on above structure, how can manage return, refund, exchange?

i noticed when return/exchange item on super market, staff there regenerates new invoice. way handle return, refund, exchange?

  • (f table.column) means foreign key pointing table.column
  • (p) means primary key
  • (u) means unique key

here tables , example data...

addresses     id          unsigned int(p)     line1       varchar(50)     line2       varchar(50) // allow null     city_id     unsigned int(f cities.id)     zip         varchar(6) // 5 digits , mx, 6 characters (x9x9x9) ca     zip4        char(4) // allow null  +----+-----------------+-------+---------+--------+------+ | id | line1           | line2 | city_id | zip    | zip4 | +----+-----------------+-------+---------+--------+------+ |  1 | 123 main street | apt |      17 | 92101  | 1234 | |  2 | 345 east street | null  |      25 | t1x0l3 | null | | .. | ............... | ..... | ....... | ...... | .... | +----+-----------------+-------+---------+--------+------+  cities     id                  unsigned int(p)     state_id            unsigned int(f states.id)     name                varchar(50)     ...  +----+----------+-----------+-----+ | id | state_id | name      | ... | +----+----------+-----------+-----+ | .. | ........ | ......... | ... | | 17 |      130 | san diego | ... | | .. | ........ | ......... | ... | | 25 |       14 | calgary   | ... | | .. | ........ | ......... | ... | +----+----------+-----------+-----+

see iso 3166-1

countries     id              char(2)(p)     iso3            char(3)(u)     iso_num         char(3)(u)     name            varchar(45)(u)  +----+------+---------+---------------+ | id | iso3 | iso_num | name          | +----+------+---------+---------------+ | .. | .... | ....... | ............. | | ca | can  | 124     | canada        | | .. | .... | ....... | ............. | | mx | mex  | 484     | mexico        | | .. | .... | ....... | ............. | | | usa  | 840     | united states | | .. | .... | ....... | ............. | +----+------+---------+---------------+

see php's crypt() function hashing password.

customers     id              unsigned int(p)     first_name      varchar(50)     middle_name     varchar(50) // allow null     last_name       varchar(50)     email           varchar(255)     username        varchar(32)     password        varbinary(255) // hashed     ...  +----+------------+-------------+-----------+----------------------------+-----------+----------+-----+ | id | first_name | middle_name | last_name | email                      | username  | password | ... | +----+------------+-------------+-----------+----------------------------+-----------+----------+-----+ |  1 | john       | quincy      | public    | jqp@privacy.com            | johnqball | xxxxxxxx | ... | |  2 | jane       | null        | doe       | ladyinred@chrisdeburgh.com | janeykins | xxxxxxxx | ... | | .. | .......... | ........... | ......... | .......................... | ......... | .......  | ... | +----+------------+-------------+-----------+----------------------------+-----------+----------+-----+  customers_addresses     id              unsigned int(p)     customer_id     unsigned int(f customers.id)     address_id      unsigned int(f addresses.id)  orders     id                  unsigned int(p)     customer_id         unsigned int(f customers.id)     bill_address_id     unsigned int(f addresses.id)     ship_address_id     unsigned int(f addresses.id)     created             datetime     shipped             datetime     ...  +----+-------------+-----------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----+ | id | customer_id | bill_address_id | ship_address_id | created             | shipped             | ... | +----+-------------+-----------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----+ |  1 | 1           | 1               | 1               | 2012-12-31 23:59:59 | 2013-01-01 00:00:00 | ... | +----+-------------+-----------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----+  orders_products     id              unsigned int(p)     order_id        unsigned int(f orders.id)     product_id      unsigned int(f products.id)     quantity        unsigned int     unit_price      double     ...  +----+----------+------------+----------+------------+-----+ | id | order_id | product_id | quantity | unit_price | ... | +----+----------+------------+----------+------------+-----+ |  1 | 1        | 1          | 1        | 12.34      | ... | |  2 | 1        | 2          | 13       | 1.78       | ... | | .. | ........ | .......... | ........ | .......... | ... | +----+----------+------------+----------+------------+-----+  products     id                  unsigned int(p)     name                varchar(50)     price               double     ...  +----+----------+-------+-----+ | id | name     | price | ... | +----+----------+-------+-----+ |  1 | widget 1 | 12.34 | ... | |  2 | widget 2 | 1.78  | ... | | .. | ........ | ..... | ... | +----+----------+-------+-----+  returns     id                      unsigned int(p)     order_product_id        unsigned int(f orders_products.id)     quantity                unsigned int     ...  +----+------------------+----------+-----+ | id | order_product_id | quantity | ... | +----+------------------+----------+-----+ |  1 | 1                | 1        | ... | | .. | ................ | ........ | ... | +----+------------------+----------+-----+

see iso 3166-2

states     id              unsigned int(p)     country_id      char(2)(f countries.id)     code            char(2) // ab, al, nl, etc.     name            varchar(50) // alberta, alabama, nuevo leon, etc.     ...  +-----+------------+------+------------+-----+ | id  | country_id | code | name       | ... | +-----+------------+------+------------+-----+ | ... | .......... | .... | .......... | ... | |  14 | ca         | ab   | alberta    | ... | | ... | .......... | .... | .......... | ... | |  72 | mx         | ch   | chiapas    | ... | | ... | .......... | .... | .......... | ... | | 130 |         | ca   | california | ... | | ... | .......... | .... | .......... | ... | +-----+------------+------+------------+-----+

returns, refunds , exchanges return - customer returning product. how handle depends on business rules...


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